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UGANDA: Hepatitis E spreads, IDPs most vulnerable
Photo: Charles Akena/IRIN A medical officer attends to a child suspected to be infected with Hepatitis E at a health centre in Kitgum PADER, 13 October 2008 (IRIN) - Hepatitis E is on the increase in Uganda's northern district of Pader, where it has

Hepatitis B: Symptoms and treatment
Hepatitis B (Hep B, HBV) What is Hepatitis? Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver. One of the primary causes of hepatitis is a viral infection. There are several viruses that may cause acute hepatitis (temporary liver inflammation), or chronic hepatitis

The cost-effectiveness of using hepatitis A/B combined vaccine versus hepatitis B vaccine alone for high-risk heterosexuals
Rein DB et al. - According to estimates, vaccinating with combination vaccine resulted in a cost of $120,000 per quality adjusted life year gained (2.79 times the 2005 United States Gross Domestic Product per capita), a ratio that is less favorable than

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The Hepatitis Vaccine That Does Double Duty
People who have Hepatitis C and have not been vaccinated against Hepatitis A or Hepatitis B could benefit from the combined hepatitis vaccine....

Medical Spas May Pose Hepatitis Risk
Since medical spas are offering more treatments involving the use of needles, the potential for Hepatitis C transmission is rising. Learn about some of the spa treatment techniques that pose hepatitis transmission dangers, as well as five ways to increase...

Hepatitis B Treatment May Reduce Pancreatic Cancer Risk
While several theories are attempting to explain the connection, scientists are unsure why those with Hepatitis B appear to have a 2 1/2 fold increase in risk for developing pancreatic cancer. Once the link is understood, Hepatitis B treatment may...

Frequency and Nature of the Variant Syndromes of Autoimmune Liver Disease

table  1.   Modified Scoring System for the Diagnosis of Autoimmune Hepatitis
Category Factor Score Category Factor Score
Sex Female +2 Alcohol <25 g/d >40 g/d 0 -2
Alk Phos:AST ratio  >= 3 <3 -2 +2 Immune disease Patient or relative +1
 gamma -Globulin or IgG levels above normal >2.0 1.5-2.0 1.0-1.5 <1.0 +3 +2 +1 0  Histological features Interface and acinar hepatitis with bridging Interface hepatitis Rosettes Plasma cells Biliary changes Other features +3 +2 +1 +1 1 -3
ANA, SMA, or anti-LKM1 titers >1:80 1:80 1:40 <1:40 +3 +2 +1 0 
AMA Positive  -2 Blood transfusion   or drugs Yes No -2 +1
Viral markers HBsAg   -3
IgM anti-HAV   -3
HCV RNA -3 Pretreatment score
Other viruses  -3   Definite diagnosis >15
Anti-HCV  -2   Probable diagnosis 10-15
All negative +3   Nondiagnostic <10
HLA DR3 or DR4 +1
Abbreviations: Alk Phos:AST ratio, ratio of serum elevations above reference value of alkaline phosphatase and aspartate transaminase; IgG, serum immunoglobulin G level; HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen; IgM anti-HAV, immunoglobulin M antibodies to hepatitis A virus.

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Updated 13 Oct 2008