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table 2. Comparison of clinical and virological characteristics between individuals with and without any HGV marker in high- and no-endemicity areas
Characteristica No. (%) of patients with any HGV markerb
P
Positive Negative
High-endemicity areac
  History of surgical operation 17 (27.0) 33 (24.1) >0.2
  History of blood transfusion 5 (7.9) 9 (6.6) >0.2
  History of folk remedies 38 (60.3) 53 (38.7) 0.0043
  HBs antigen 0 (0.0) 4 (2.9) >0.2d
  Any HBV marker 23 (36.5) 41 (29.9) >0.2
  HCV RNA 34 (54.0) 16 (11.7) <0.0001
  Any HCV marker 41 (65.1) 22 (16.1) <0.0001
No-endemicity areae
  History of surgical operation 3 (25.0) 42 (22.3) >0.2
  History of blood transfusion 4 (33.3) 16 (8.5) 0.0055
  History of folk remedies 3 (25.0) 51 (27.1) >0.2
  HBs antigen 0 (0.0) 3 (1.6) >0.2d
  Any HBV marker 5 (41.7) 37 (19.7) 0.0698
  HCV RNA 2 (16.7) 1 (0.5) 0.0096d
  Any HCV marker 3 (25.0) 2 (1.1) 0.0016d
a Any HBV marker, positive for HBs antigen, HBs antibody, and/or HBc antibody; any HCV marker, positive for HCV RNA and/or HCV antibody.
b Any HGV marker, positive for HGV RNA and/or HGV-E2 antibody.
c Total positive, 63; total negative, 137.
d Obtained by Fisher's exact test; all other P values were obtained by the chi-square test.
e Total positive, 12; total negative, 188.

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