Hepatitis C Information Central

Complete eradication of hepatitis C virus after interferon treatment for chronic hepatitis C.

De Mitri MS, Morsica G, Chen CH, Mele L, Baccarini P, Chianese R, Piccinini A, Lazzarin A, Pisi E

Department of Internal Medicine, Cardioangiology, Hepatology, University of Bologna, Italy.

BACKGROUND:

Alpha-interferon therapy can lead to a persistent biochemical response, but discordant opinions have been expressed on the definition of sustained response and on the real possibility of complete eradication of hepatitis C virus (HCV).

AIMS:

To define the clinical, virological and histologic profiles of the patients with sustained response.

PATIENTS:

Twenty-eight patients with three different biochemical and virological patterns of response to interferon therapy (16 sustained responders, 6 responders with relapse and 6 non responders) were studied for a follow-up period of 36 months.

METHODS:

HCV-RNA sequences were investigated in serum, peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in liver tissue by means of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, targeted to the 5' non coding region. Viral load in serum was quantified by branched-DNA signal amplification. HCV genotypes were evaluated using a line probe assay.

RESULTS:

All sustained responders showed persistent normal ALT values and loss of serum HCV-RNA during the treatment and in the entire follow-up period. The HCV clearance was also demonstrated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in liver tissue. Pre-treatment HCV-RNA quantitation showed that sustained responders had a significantly lower viral load compared to relapsers and non responders (p=0.005). HCV genotyping showed that patients infected by genotypes 2a, 3a were more likely to achieve a sustained response. Interestingly, a prolonged response was also observed in the only three patients with pre-treatment detectable viral load infected by genotype 3a and in patients with genotype 1b and low viraemia levels. To assess the histologic outcome following HCV eradication, all sustained responders underwent a second liver biopsy in the follow-up period (6-18 months). Periportal necrosis and portal inflammation were significantly improved.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our results suggest that persistent loss of HCV-RNA in serum, peripheral blood mononuclear cells and liver as well as histologic improvement are consistent with the complete HCV eradication even from intracellular compartments and from potential extra-hepatic sites of viral persistence. Moreover, pre-treatment viral load, HCV infecting genotypes and histologic features may influence the clinical outcome of hepatitis C and the response to interferon therapy.

PMID: 9646218, UI: 98310186

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