Hepatitis Central

• Previous: Roche Stands By Their HCV Drugs Citing "IDEAL" Study Design Issues
• Main
• Next: Will STAT-C Replace Today's HCV Standard Therapy?

Hep C May Affect More than the Liver

January 28, 2008

Printer-friendly version

A new study from Bulgaria proves that Hepatitis C infection is not only a liver disease, but affects many different parts of the body. Their research demonstrates that over three quarters of people with Hepatitis C have extra-hepatic manifestations and it helps physicians identify who is at the greatest risk.

Hepatitis C Virus Affects Many Organs And Tissues, Not Just Liver

www.sciencedaily.com

ScienceDaily (Jan. 18, 2008) — In 1994, the team of Tchernev and Petrova from Alexandrovska Hospital in Sofia examined a female patient with liver cirrhosis caused by chronic Hepatitis C virus (HCV). They were intrigued by the patient's many extra-hepatic manifestations -- vascular lesions on the lower limbs, acute pain in the joints, intense tingling of the fingers, and extreme labor-impairing fatigue. They were also intrigued by the presence of cryoglobulins in the patient's blood. Two years later, the patient developed enlarged lymph nodes on the neck. When one of the nodes was histologically tested, the patient was found to have lymphoma.

This case spurred the interest of the investigators in the extra-hepatic manifestations and complications of HCV infection, and for over a decade they studied the links between HCV infection, cryoglobulinemia, and lymphoma.

Hepatitis C virus is a major health problem worldwide, and more than 3 percent of the world's population is infected with HCV. Despite popular belief, HCV is not only a liver disease, but affects many organs, tissues, and systems.

In a new study of 136 Bulgarian patients with HCV, the team of Tchernev and Petrova found 76.5% of the patients had extra-hepatic manifestations. Common manifestations were fatigue (59.6%), renal impairment (25%), type 2 diabetes (22.8%), paresthesia (19.9%), arthralgia (18.4%), and purpura predominantly of the lower limbs (17.6%). Over 37% of the patients had cryoglobulins, and 8.8% had B-cell lymphoma.

The study found positive links between the presence of extra-hepatic manifestations and age, female gender, duration of the infection, infection by transfusion of blood and blood products, and extensive liver fibrosis. Therefore, elderly women with chronic HCV and advanced liver fibrosis, who were infected by transfusion during childbirth, are at the highest risk of developing extra-hepatic manifestations of HCV infection.

The study also showed most extra-hepatic manifestations of HCV infection are associated with the presence of cryoglobulins. In particular, the risks of developing B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma are much higher in cryoglobulin-positive than in cryoglobulin-negative patients. In the study, 17.6% of cryoglobulin-positive patients had lymphoma, whereas only 3.5% of cryoglobulin-negative patients did.

Given the prevalence of HCV around the world, it is important for physicians to recognize the extra-hepatic signs and symptoms of HCV infection. Patients who exhibit such manifestations should be tested for HCV infection. This can lead to prompt diagnosis and effective treatment of the infection before the development of cryoglobulinemia, when treatment gives poor results or is ineffective.

Journal reference: Stefanova-Petrova DV, Tzvetanska AH, Naumova EJ, Mihailova AP, Hadjiev EA, Dikova RP, Vukov MI, Tchernev KG. Chronic hepatitis C virus infection: Prevalence of extrahepatic manifestations and association with cryoglobulinemia in Bulgarian patients. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13(48): 6518-6528 http://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/13/6518.asp

Adapted from materials provided by World Journal of Gastroenterology, via EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS.

Posted by Editors at January 28, 2008 11:41 AM